Symptoms
Yellowing and wilting of lower leaves, often on one side. Brown vascular discoloration when stem is cut. Progressive wilt leading to plant death.
Prevention
Use resistant varieties (F1 hybrids). Practice 3-4 year crop rotation. Maintain soil pH 6.5-7.0. Sterilize tools between plants.
Treatment
Organic
Trichoderma soil drench. Mycorrhizal inoculants. Bio-fumigation with brassica cover crops.
Chemical (last resort)
No effective chemical cure once established. Soil fumigation with metam-sodium (pre-plant only). Focus on prevention.
Affects 3 crops
Sources
MARDI Soil-borne Disease Manual